Helmholtz-Zentrum Deutsches Geoforschungszentrum

Rift and Rifted Margins Online Seminar

Live meeting attendance links and session schedules are distributed through a dedicated webinar mailing list. To receive updates, simply subscribe at https://www.listserv.dfn.de/sympa/subscribe/riftwebinar.

Coming up...

72. Back-arc rifts versus classic rifts | 9th September 2024, 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Geoffroy Mohn (University of Cergy-Pontoise, France) "Breakup of marginal seas and differences from Atlantic-type margins”

Anouk Beniest (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) "TBA"

Armagan Kaykun (University of Toronto, Canada) “Structural evolution of the Black Sea Basin using sectioned computational models”


73. Oblique rifting | 7th October 2024, 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Elisabetta Panza (University of Geneva, Switzerland) "Oblique rifting in the North Volcanic Zone of Iceland"

Jie Chen (École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, France) "Gulf of Aden obliquity from 3-D velocity model"

Thomas Theunissen (University of Bergen, Norway) "Interaction of tectonics and surface processes during oblique rifted margin formation: Insights from 3-D forward coupled geodynamic-surface process modelling”


74. Electromagnetic and Electrical Methods for studying extensional settings | 4th November 2024, 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Kate Selway (University of Tasmania, Australia) "3-D Magnetotelluric modelling of the East African Rift at the Northern Tanzanian Divergence"

Luise Dambly (formerly ETH, Switzerland) “Rifting, transcrustal magmatism and formation of geothermal resources in the central segment of the Ethiopian Rift revealed by 3-D MT imaging"

Romain Corseri (University of Oslo, Norway) “Magnetotelluric image of a hyper-extended and serpentinized rift system"


Past seminars...

71. Rifting and sea level | 1st July 2024, 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Lisa McNeill (University of Southampton, UK) "High rates of Corinth Rift (Greece) extension and sea level interactions" https://youtu.be/6DaD66qnt6I?si=OzP6CG7ZS5boHZ8P

Valentin Rime (University of Fribourg, Switzerland) "The flooding of the Danakil rift basin (Afar, Ethiopia) Context, factors, mechanisms and future" https://youtu.be/jYo9U3DyC7I?si=-oTQZzpIJTovxHk3

Erica Lucas (McGill University, Canada) "Impact of regional-scale mantle structure beneath the West Antarctic Rift System on glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA)" https://youtu.be/IbS-vVHkN_Q?si=a15qvgOCogSblP07


70. Scientific drilling at rifts and rifted margins II | 3rd June 2024, 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Paul Olsen (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, US) "Drilling continental rift basins on the eastern North American margin" https://youtu.be/1s6YIOegw1U?si=atDT5F7AM_TgXiwO

Joann M. Stock (California Institute of Technology, US), Sun Zhen (Chinese Academy of Sciences-Department of Marine Geology)  "Drilling into the South China Sea" https://youtu.be/3OCK529EUiI?si=a3eJbCwTYk64hJJC

Anneleen Foubert (Université de Fribourg, Switzerland) and the ADD-ON Team "Afar Dallol Drilling : Drilling in the Afar as key to unlock the complexity of rifts and rifted margins (ADD-ON)"  https://youtu.be/BndE_R3TBy0?si=7ebgNuj5N7ZCDJfd


69. Rifts and hominin evolution | 6th May (2024), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Céline-Marie Vidal (University of Cambridge, UK) “Volcanic ash in the Rift, origins and applications” https://youtu.be/mmNN3fYraOU?si=2Zq6N8e1M3vqZxe0

Erin Di Maggio (Penn State College of Earth and Mineral Science, US) "High resolution geologic mapping and tephrochronology to constrain rifting at the Ledi-Geraru paleontological site in Ethiopia" https://youtu.be/DF8seg2R5js?si=P4cj_Cx-aeBnR59t

Lindsay McHenry (University of Wisconsin UW Milwaukee, US) "Olduvai basin and its often rift-controlled paleolake" https://youtu.be/5p7qQNyApiU?si=b5seMwTjP7CKnaXh


68. Magma-poor rifting: initiation and processes | 8th April (2024), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Rasheed Ajala (Columbia University, US) “Blind magmatism abets nonvolcanic continental rifting” https://youtu.be/qF-Y4i30IsI?si=DoQR9V0MJnj89mFL

Anindita Samsu (University of Lausanne, Switzerland) “Structural inheritance in amagmatic rift basins: the norm, not the exception?” https://youtu.be/ImoB5iVz-rU?si=h97J7om3lCsOO3Hn

Sudipta Tapan Sinha (Reliance Industries Ltd., India) “Stretching-buoyancy interplay in the magma-poor rifting process" https://youtu.be/cEcFfNCol7c?si=thmxorBV_Gn2m79e


67. Hydrogen in rifts and rifted margins | 4th March (2024), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Zhonglan Liu and Marta Pérez-Gussinyé (presenter Javier García-Pintado)"Mantle serpentinization and associated hydrogen flux" https://youtu.be/l-mSQTNtkPk?si=ejfqa7eG79aeZRK6

Frank Zwaan (GFZ, Germany) "Natural H2 potential in (inverted) rift basins, shown by numerical models" https://youtu.be/J4wMYD8HpI0?si=VysIP-nQ0gDV2Fs2

Gabriel Pasquet (Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France) "Basalt alteration and natural hydrogen-geothermal synergies in the Asal-Ghoubbet rift, Republic of Djibouti" https://youtu.be/_DkfYIcwBOI?si=ys8b0lBm5lL5NfbP


66. Is it a rift? | 5th February (2024), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Brian Taylor (University of Hawaii, US) "Itina Trough: a young rift, not a fossil trench nor fracture zone https://youtu.be/FIQ7OxqrJYY?si=80QypA6vMFsJjTnH

Hanneke Paulssen (Utrecht University, Netherlands) "A magnitude 6.5 earthquake in Botswana: Rifting of the Kalahari Craton?" https://youtu.be/208g4xs2qF8?si=dBYSooglc5UkueG2

Rūta Karolytė (University of Oxford, UK) "Isotopic indicators of early continental rifting" https://youtu.be/sPyWWqJK9jk?si=iE71Lh_Y6G5twdeq


65. Numerical modeling of extensional settings: Latest developments | 8th January (2024), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Ritske S.Huismans (University of Bergen, Norway) "3D large deformation forward modeling of crust and Lithosphere extension. Effects of rift offset, crustal rheology, and surface processes" https://youtu.be/j7F8EutkX9Q?si=guC8sqOQnGUMWAfj

Tiphaine Larvet (Sorbonne Université, France)  "Slab pull and continental  breakup" https://youtu.be/kpnUCwlOec4?si=pYlFdVnvoWTJQl9M

Derek Neuharth (ETH Zürich, Switzerland) "Evolution of rift systems and their faults networks in response to surface processes" https://youtu.be/3ma5E-_H7Ps?si=kB0r0WZ9mDQTtN1W


64. Seaward dipping reflectors | 4th December (2023), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Laurent Geoffroy (Université de Bretagne Occidentale/IUEM, France) "SDRs and the extent of continental lithosphere in oceans" https://youtu.be/uvpf-r4EupM?si=ZGSttg7DQtHh4AWi

Sverre Planke (Volcanic Basin Energy Research, CEED University of Oslo, Norway) “The nature of SDRs constrained by high-resolution 3D seismic and IODP X396 borehole data on the mid-Norwegian volcanic margin” https://youtu.be/6LluLHnFHIk?si=J60Q79CoiYQdxdEQ

John Michael Millett (University of Aberdeen, UK) “Reservoir properties and CO2 storage potential of volcanic margin sequences: insights from IODP drilling mid-Norway SDRS” https://youtu.be/vFsJ-TRYprQ?si=IJLzALStvA1j5Idm


63. Plumes and rifts | 6th November (2023), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Ian Bastow (Imperial College London, UK) "Mantle wavespeed and discontinuity structure below East Africa: Implications for Cenozoic magmatism and rifting” https://youtu.be/j8Q_lPrbqA8?si=4KqE5l8EWGi-nDxe

Emma Watts (Uni Southampton, UK) “Mantle upwelling beneath Afar” https://youtu.be/qxqZzU2kUYI?si=KaXg_xHEEv7PJXBU

Vincent Roche (Le Mans Université, France) “The East African transform margins and mantle plume activity: what relationship?” https://youtu.be/BC1ysZELpTk?si=r54BK1t_vxm0LzNA


62. CO2 sequestration in rifts and rifted margins | 2nd October (2023), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Jonathan Bull (Uni Southampton, UK) “Monitoring, Measurement and Verification of CO2 storage in rift basins” https://youtu.be/A6NDe-ti3GU?si=hHcvOOWT9doFHUwW

David Goldberg (Columbia University New York, US) “Potential for CO2 sequestration in buried Mesozoic rift basins along the US east coast” https://youtu.be/wyGtW5dfJUk?si=-O9kzmul2HqH0mkE


61. Melts in the East African Rift | 4th September (2023), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Rita Kounoudis (Imperial College London, UK) "The Development of Rifting and Magmatism in the Turkanan Depression, East Africa" https://youtu.be/ht0yAI-bi6g?si=lraXxJSiKAnMJgk9

Kathy Whaler (University of Edinburgh, UK) "Magnetotelluric imaging of melt in the main Ethiopian rift and Afar" https://youtu.be/8KCnEV8OCGg?si=871YYSYGh3XxAosk

Tanya Furman (Penn State University, US) "Lithospheric foundering and mafic magmatism in young continental rifts" https://youtu.be/Mh6prppEj78?si=l6hn7_Dc07zJ_kW1


60. Thermochronology in rifts and rifted margins | 3rd July (2023), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Samuel Boone (Melbourne University, Australia) “What can thermochronology tell us about rift inception processes in East Africa?” https://youtu.be/40f9NqCZg8I

Syed Ali Turab (University of Peshawar, Pakistan) “Escarpment evolution of the Red Sea margin of southwestern Saudi Arabia. Insights from low-temperature apatite thermochronology” https://youtu.be/CbEfc8sDzyo

Maria Laura Balestrieri (Italian National Research Council, Italy) “Thermochronology and rift: the case of the Gulf of California" https://youtu.be/m_t725GHhM4


59. Rifts and biological evolution| 5th June (2023), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

René Dommain(Nanyang Technological University, Singapore)“Holocene bidirectional river system along the Kenya Rift and its influence on East African faunal exchange and diversity gradients” https://youtu.be/RnBVZ9eqc74

Simon Kübler (Munich University, Germany)“Active faulting and soil nutritional gradients as drivers of animal movements in the Kenya Rift Valley” https://youtu.be/BLlicv8eNr8

Katharine M. Loughney (University of Michigan, USA) "Tectonic influence on Cenozoic mammal richness and sedimentation history of the Basin and Range, western North America" https://youtu.be/jq0R3VK1xfk


58. The Moroccan Atlas system | 8th May (2023), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

David Fernandez Blanco (TU Delft University, Netherlands) "Anticline growth by shortening during crustal exhumation of the Moroccan Atlantic margin" https://youtu.be/c1194ejEFeQ

Athanasia Vasileiou (Universitiy of Leeds, UK) "Analysis of strike-slip tectonics in extensional systems: the case study of the Moroccan High Atlas" https://youtu.be/z_BcTdLoR4Q

Mustapha Ouaskou (Sidi Mohamed Ben Abellah University, Morocco) "Barremian intracontinental rift and Aptian Atlantic transgression in the northern boundary of the Central High Atlas (Morocco) " https://youtu.be/4i8DJx8zzhE


57. Microplates | 3rd April (2023), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Michael King (Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada ) "Deformable plate reconstructions of continental blocks along North Atlantic rifted margins" https://youtu.be/wwFQo6uq7i0

Anne Glerum (GFZ Potsdam, Germany) "Victoria continental microplate dynamics" https://youtu.be/038303NvKpo

Keith Martin (Madrid, Spain) "Double saloon door tectonics East African Rift case study" https://youtu.be/Q0Sic4Bv6Fg


56. Seismic hazard in rifts | 6th March (2023), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Damien Delvaux (Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium) "From neotectonics to seismic hazard in the Kivu rift, East Africa" https://youtu.be/ZhAXk5jrW0k

Cynthia Ebinger (Tulane University, USA) "Cascading hazards in rift zones over multiple time scales" https://youtu.be/aXSThFQozxQ

Jack Williams (University of Otago, New Zealand) "Using geologic and geodetic data to perform seismic hazard assessment in amagmatic continental rifts, a case study from Malawi" https://youtu.be/NLITdAYwu_U


55. Planetary rifts | 6th February (2023), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Daniel Mège (Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland  ) “Basement fabric in the Valles Marineris "rift" on Mars: discovery, significance, and influence on rift development” https://youtu.be/_VYJbjBFDjo

Anna Horleston (University of Bristol, United Kingdom) "Marsquakes: What, when, where and why" https://youtu.be/rwD-qEtAlTE

Richard Ghail (Royal Holloway University of London, United Kingdom)  "Evidence for a continental break-up style of rifting and superplume on Venus" https://youtu.be/EhZ7WDaEsi8


54. Breakup of supercontinents | 9th January (2023), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Phil Heron (University of Toronto, Canada) “Supercontinents, subduction, superplumes and sutures: the difficult break-up”     https://youtu.be/nNCkWFlLNaA

Renata Schmitt (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) "Gondwana tectonic terranes controlling South Atlantic Rift” https://youtu.be/Z53d3Jdsa-A

Tom Gernon (University of Southampton, United Kingdom) "Rifting controls on environmental change" https://youtu.be/LYhhslHIVvg


53. Rifts in the Wilson cycle III: Structural control of rift inheritance on mountain building | 5th December (2022), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Samuel Wimpenny (University of Cambridge, United Kingdom) "Weak, Seismogenic Faults and Andean Mountain Building" https://youtu.be/jEcF8ucr6ww

Julia Gomez-Romeu (M&U, Geology by Research, France) "Inverted Magma-rich Versus Magma-poor Rifted Margins: Implications for Orogenic Systems" https://youtu.be/22xX_eaYPjI

Gianreto Manatschal (Institut Terre&Environnement de Strasbourg, France) "The Role of Rift Inheritance inBuilding Collisional Orogens: A Biscay-Pyrenean-Alpes Perspective" https://youtu.be/-Ml9TGbOO6w


52. Rifting & Salt tectonics | 7th November (2022), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Maggie Ellis Curry (North Carolina State University, USA) "Sequential structural restorations of the conjugate NE Gulf of Mexico US-Mexico margin: Implications for Mesozoic dynamic topography" https://youtu.be/aBAfPwyMVWg

James Pindell (Rice University, USA) "Dynamo-thermal subsidence and sag–salt section deposition as restricted magma-rich rifted margins move off plume centers along incipient lines of breakup" https://youtu.be/sM5ykC-p9dU

Leonardo M. Pichel (University of Bergen, Norway) "The link between rifting and crustal-scale rifted margin architecture with passive margin salt tectonics: a geodynamic modelling approach" https://youtu.be/vnqxe1yp4Vo


51. Metamorphic core complexes |3rd October (2022), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Whitney Behr (ETH Zürich, Switzerland) "The Whipple Mountains metamorphic core complex as a window into the rheology of the middle crust” https://youtu.be/KVf5zqmHWEc

Daniel Stockli (University of Texas at Austin, USA) "Temporal and thermal evolution of core complexes and hyperextended rift margins – Insights from geo- and thermochronometry” https://youtu.be/YW2Oyn_D06s


50. Rifts in the Wilson cycle II: Structural control of orogenic inheritance on rifting | 5th September (2022), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Estella Atekwana (University of California, Davis, California, USA)  “Initiation of magma-poor rifts: tectonic memory vs. magmatism” https://youtu.be/bQbWSRMId1E

Manuel Pubellier (Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France) “Structural control of Mesozoic orogens on marginal basins of SE Asia" https://youtu.be/WQ6ALKF2rJo

Natasha Stanton (University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) “Control of rifted margin structure by basement inheritance: insights from Campos Basin, Brazil” https://youtu.be/ApU-C5Sx70c


49. Normal Faults: Localisation, Longevity, Limits | 1st August (2022), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Julie Gresseth (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway) “3D Evolution of necking domains: insights from the Froya High, mid-Norwegian rifted margin” https://youtu.be/-U250FZb4X8

Oyewande Ojo (Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA) Title: "Under-Displaced Normal Faults: Case Study from the Southern Malawi Rift" https://youtu.be/5cGy4rFXavY

Jean-Arthur Olive (Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France) “Border fault offset limited by crustal strength and relief growth" https://youtu.be/wFHYaoss7BQ


48. Embryonic oceanic crust at rifted margins | 4th July (2022), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Sylvie Leroy (Sorbonne, Univ., Paris, France) “Embryonic oceanic crust at the Gulf of Aden continental margins”           https://youtu.be/M34BtQQ7kMQ

Cuimei Zhang (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China) “Breakup of the South China Sea continental margin”     https://youtu.be/PIaovnOMSUU

Neil Mitchell (University of Manchester, Manchester, UK) “The magnetic anomaly record of early oceanic spreading in the central Red Sea” https://youtu.be/w2uCg1eBpMY


47. Interaction of mantle dynamics and rifting | 13th June (2022), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Laurent Jolivet (Sorbonne Univ., Paris, France) “Continental rifts and mantle convection: Insights from the East African Rift and a new model of the West European Rift System” https://youtu.be/floFGlyefD4

Tahiry Rajaonarison (New Mexico Tech, US) “3D Numerical Modelling of Plume-Lithosphere Interactions Beneath the East African Rift” https://youtu.be/kdKDwTkswSc

Andrea Marzoli (University of Padova, Italy) “The Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP) and Pangea break-up” https://youtu.be/CfhYr6jn00o


46. Rifts in the Wilson cycle I: subduction initiation at rifted margins | 30th May (2022), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Zhong-Hai Li (University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)“Forced subduction initiation at passive continental margins: Implications for the Tethyan evolution" https://youtu.be/7BNErDZpx_s

Joao Duarte (University of Lisbon, Portugal) “Subduction initiation in the Atlantic: insights from the SW Iberia Margin” https://youtu.be/wD6Z5B3guE0

Antoine Auzemery (University of Rennes, Frances) “Influence of magma-poor versus magma-rich passive margins on subduction initiation” https://youtu.be/cRDcj_V5hlk


45. Climatic vs. tectonic control on rift basins | 16th May (2022), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Liang Xue (Syracuse University, New York, US) “Climate-driven stress changes and normal fault behavior in the Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, East Africa” https://youtu.be/UFJYuiCEkcc

Delphine Rouby (CNRS at University of Toulouse, France) "Evolution of rift-related relief of the Equatorial Atlantic rifted margins" https://youtu.be/ncFtRc82tKM

Peter Clift (Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, US) “Climate-tectonic interactions and drainage evolution during the breakup of the South China Sea” https://youtu.be/R6F7hqSP7RY


44. How can research on rifts and rifted margins expedite the energy transition? | 2nd May (2022), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Eva Schill (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany) “Facts and potential for climate neutrality in the European Cenozoic Rift System (ECRIS)” https://youtu.be/VF9TBe9PT18

Koen Torremans (University College Dublin, Ireland) "Fundamental geology for the energy transition: Rift basins and their relation to metal deposits.” https://youtu.be/LIF6sv7bkIQ

Lydia Olaka (University of Nairobi, Kenya) “Can East African rift basalts sequester CO2?Case study of the Kenya rift” https://youtu.be/SGbKDvu53ZY


43. Single-phase versus multi-phase rifting | 4th April (2022), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Laura Parisi (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia) "Seismic activity in the abandoned Olduvai rift basin" https://youtu.be/PNvrUV0MaXQ

Hamed Fazlikhani (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen) "Strain migration during single-phase and multi-phase rifting; the northern North Sea rift case" https://youtu.be/sIB-sxKL9qE

Sofia Pechlivanidou (Univ. of Bergen, Norway) "Surface processes response to normal fault growth during single and multi-phase rifting: insights from numerical modelling” https://youtu.be/bKAUdOjfsUU


42. Arctic rifting | 21st March (2022), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Carmen Gaina (Univ. of Oslo, Norway) "The formation of Arctic continental margins" https://youtu.be/A85Vzspa27c

David W. Houseknecht (USGS, Reston, VA, USA) “Diving into the deep Arctic - stratigraphy, structure, and rift origin of the North Chukchi Basin" https://youtu.be/zgObYn8ZtbU


41. Rifting and mantle convection | 7th March (2022), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Nicky White (Univ. of Cambridge, UK) “How rifted basins and passive margins are sculpted by mantle convective processes” https://youtu.be/uc-lvK6viAo

Walid Ben Mansour (Washington Univ., St. Louis, US) "Present-day thermochemical structure and contribution of mantle upwelling across East African Rift” https://youtu.be/38XQYqlYfh0

Emmanuel Njinju (Virginia Tech, US) “Tomography Based Convection and Melt Generation Beneath the Rungwe Volcanic Province, East Africa” https://youtu.be/NSsEbG1Cc3c


40. Erosion and sedimentation in rifts | 21st February (2022), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Alex Whittaker (Imperial College London, UK) "Firing the "Sediment Gun": Landscape response to normal faulting" https://youtu.be/X18TOfrGYxM

Zuze Dulanya (Univ. of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi) “Knickpoint Mapping in the Middle Shire Basin, Malawi Rift: Implications for the Evolution of rift interaction Zones” https://youtu.be/9f1oKp7e_1s

Rebecca Dorsey (Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, US) “Dynamics of Big-River Sediment Input to an Oblique Transform-Rift Margin: Example from the Gulf of California and Salton Trough” https://youtu.be/j0TNh_ulcrg


39. Transform margins | 7th February (2022), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Michal Nemčok (Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, US) “Transform margins; structural architecture, depositional systems and thermal regimes” https://youtu.be/xaVodMR6S2o

Lies Loncke (Perpignan Univ., France) "Structure and evolution of the conjugate Demerara and Guinea transform marginal plateaus (TMPs)" https://youtu.be/N7S_Ms5gpE8

Attila Balázs (ETH Zurich, Switzerland) “Contrasting transform and passive margin subsidence history and sedimentation: insights from 3D numerical modelling”  https://youtu.be/VsM17bV31V8


38. Orogenic rifts | 24th January (2022), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Andrew Meigs (Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, US) “Growth of the NW corner of the Basin and Range province in a vertical-axis rotational deformation field” https://youtu.be/X-O5CH1zr-U

Aislin Reynolds (Montana State Univ., Bozeman, US) “Rifting the Roof of the World: Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Tangra Yumco Rift, South-Central Tibet” https://youtu.be/EDEdCmA9UoE

Oğuz Göğüş (Istanbul Technical Univ., Turkey) “Rifting and subsidence controlled by post orogenic lithospheric removal in back arcs” https://youtu.be/XJiacgBvcdE


37. Complex fault patterns | 10th January (2022), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Donna Shillington (Northern Arizona University, US) "Controls on faulting in a classic half graben rift: the North Basin of the Malawi (Nyasa) Rift" https://youtu.be/rQBKgUN3_5Y

Martin Musila (Tulane Univ., New Orleans, US) "Controls on Strain Localization in Rift Development across the Turkana Depression” https://youtu.be/KjNG8MwRces

Frank Zwaan (Univ. of Bern, Switzerland) “Complex rift patterns: a result of interacting crustal and mantle weaknesses, or multiphase rifting?” https://youtu.be/oUOeN1xS7YI


36. Scientific drilling at rifts and rifted margins | 29th November (2021), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Tesfaye Kidane  (Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa) “Highlights on the Geologic Features of the Nascent Rift Margins in the Tendaho Graben, Ethiopia” https://youtu.be/IPoHXbFgKtg

Christian Berndt (Geomar, Kiel, Germany) “Volcanism and climate change during the opening of the Atlantic - preliminary results of IODP Expedition 396" https://youtu.be/3_wNbkxkgJ8

Gaël Lymer (ICRAG, Dublin, Ireland) “The West Iberian Margin: Past and current research concepts and future challenges” https://youtu.be/uAh6qq3RglA


35. Rift segmentation and linkage | 15th November (2021), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Carolina Pagli (University of Pisa, Italy) "Rift linkage processes in areas of incipient oceanic spreading: examples from Afar” https://youtu.be/7rzKxx_uphw

Collin Brandl (University of New Mexico, US) “Along Strike Discontinuities in Igneous Addition: Evidence for Rift to Ridge Segmentation at the ENAM” https://youtu.be/uY1HVULKx1o

Patricia Cadenas (Barcelona Center for Subsurface Imaging, Spain) “Structure and spatial linkage of highly extended Cretaceous rift segments in the North Iberian margin (Bay of Biscay)” https://youtu.be/ujRItVtd0-s


34. Magmatic processes across scales | 1st November (2021), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Miriam Reiss (Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany) “Seismicity and complex volcanic plumbing in the developing magmatic Natron Rift, Tanzania” https://youtu.be/necAUCVhgj0

Kevin Wong (Univ. of Leeds, UK) “Exploring Ethiopian Rift and Afar mantle geodynamics through Al-in-olivine thermometry and rare-earth element distributions” https://youtu.be/m9pN9XZD6Yk

Gang Lu (Univ. of Bergen, Norway) “Potential temperature and depth-dependent extension control melt volume at Atlantic volcanic margins” https://youtu.be/zRgAOBeKd_U


33. The rheology of rifts | 18th October (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Benoit Petri (Univ. of Strasbourg, France) “Rifting magma-rich systems: Insights form the Permian rifting in the Alps” https://youtu.be/Vdt4PQN4cSw

Luca Menegon (Univ. of Oslo, Norway) “Strength evolution of the lower crust: a journey through the Wilson Cycle” https://youtu.be/Cu5AFpO2yNM

John Naliboff (New Mexico Tech, US) "The influence of brittle rheology on 3D fault network evolution during multiphase rifting" https://youtu.be/07IcCtqpDBw


32. Rift faults across scales | 4th October (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Andre Niemeijer (Utrecht University, Netherlands) "Lower crustal earthquakes in the East African Rift System: Insights from frictional properties of rock samples from the Malawi rift" https://youtu.be/3No_86EnUL4

Luke Wedmore (Univ. of Bristol, UK) "Rifting and rheological heterogeneity: from fault damage zones to plate boundaries" https://youtu.be/xaJEbXLTd9E

Thilo Wrona (GFZ Potsdam, Germany) "Deep learning reveals complex fault growth during continental rifting" https://youtu.be/0MFWPgbIOsU


31. Geohazards in the East African Rift| 20th September (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Atalay Ayele (Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia) “Earthquake hazard in the East African Rift and rapid response strategies" https://youtu.be/-Wh_wKwidWo

Pablo Tierz (British Geological Survey, Edinburgh, UK) “The ingredients of volcanic hazard assessment: probabilistic examples from a rift volcano (Aluto, Main Ethiopian Rift)” https://youtu.be/iB1uiaxScek

Olivier Dewitte (Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium) “Landslide hazard in the North Tanganyika-Kivu Rift region, Africa” https://youtu.be/hh0t8e6Vzbs


30. Back-arc rifting | 6th September (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Valentina Magni (University of Oslo, Norway) “Mantle exhumation and continental fragments in back-arc basins” https://youtu.be/C1j0lJjvkAY

Andrés Folguera (University of Buenos Aires / CONICET, Argentina) “Extension in the Southern Central and Patagonian Andes from Jurassic to Neogene” https://youtu.be/p42P78wJfgQ


29. Cratons & Rifts | 23rd August (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Weronika Gorczyk (University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia) “Rifting of Archean craton margins – examples from Western Australia” https://youtu.be/zVvbHVIT-h0

Alexander Koptev (University of Tübingen, Germany) “The role of cratonic roots and mantle plumes in the structural development of the EARS: Insights from numerical modelling” https://youtu.be/Pmmg1CBgRoI

Sebastian Tappe (University of Johannesburg, South Africa) “Breaking cratons: failed, successful and ongoing examples” https://youtu.be/WugbAIvJxbI


28. Melt transport and geochemical alteration | 9th August (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Othmar Müntener (Univ. of Lausanne, Switzerland) “Melt migration and the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (in rifted margins)” https://youtu.be/fESJTqDT-4c

Sonja Aulbach (Goethe Univ., Frankfurt, Germany) “Conditions and consequences of carbonated melt interaction with shallow lithospheric mantle” https://youtu.be/8pCOCqnZFV4

Richard Katz (Univ. of Oxford, UK) “Investigating the hypothesis of magma-assisted rifting” https://youtu.be/6ccMXu_Z7xE


27. Hydrogen at rifts and rifted margins | 26th July (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Frieder Klein (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Falmouth, US) "Abiotic Hydrogen formation during the breakup of supercontinents along magma-poor rifted margins” https://youtu.be/RdWJfAcwzhk

Emanuelle Frery (CSIRO, Perth, Australia) “Hydrogen at rifts and rifted margins: An Australian example” https://youtu.be/YzBBkQWR7TE

Eric Gaucher (Univ. of Bern, Switzerland) "Hydrogen exploration in old and present rifts and rifted margins” https://youtu.be/AlMAyfY9-1Y


26. Metal deposits in rifts and at rifted margins | 12th July (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Joe Magnall (GFZ Potsdam, Germany) “The geodynamic setting of clastic dominated (CD-type) Zn deposits in the Canadian Cordillera” https://youtu.be/m56fFI4V5GY

Clifford Patten (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany) “Ultramafic-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: an overlooked sub-class of VMS deposits forming in complex tectonic environments” https://youtu.be/1JFbrN5y-k8

Mark Hoggard (ANU, Canberra, Australia) “Major sediment-hosted metal deposits form in cratonic rift settings” https://youtu.be/3GsZMDitn6I


25. Mantle exhumation and serpentinization | 28th June (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Mathilde Cannat (IPGP, France) “Mantle exhumation faults and serpentinization at mid-ocean ridges” https://youtu.be/q8vSbtBZBBA

Marta Perez-Gussinye (Univ. of Bremen, Germany) "Serpentinization and mantle exhumation at rifted margins" https://youtu.be/OGMKWvZseo8

Paola Vannucchi (Univ. of Florence, Italy) “Serpentinized sub-continental peridotites within the Wilson Cycle” https://youtu.be/zeHngKUpKMI


24. Quantifying deformation in active rifts | 14th June (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Sarah Stamps (Virginia Tech, US) “Using GNSS Observations to Constrain Extension Rates and Intra-Rift Strain Rates Along the East African Rift System” https://youtu.be/JkttcrXiSLQ

Christopher Scholz (Syracuse University, US) "The Interplay of Active Deformation and Surface Processes in Early-Stage Rifting: Examples from the Western Branch of the East African Rift" https://youtu.be/iRc31WSmy3Q

Melanie Siegburg (University of Southampton, UK) “Quantitative constraints on faulting and fault slip-rates in the northern Main Ethiopian Rift” https://youtu.be/c--kDbu0tPo


23. Failed Rifts | 31st May (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Carol Stein (University of Illinois at Chicago, US) "Insights from North America’s Failed Midcontinent Rift into the Evolution of Continental Rifts and Passive Continental Margins” https://youtu.be/IF2f7st-h8c

Roi Granot (Ben Gurion University, Israel) "The successful life of a failed rift: the West Antarctic Rift System case" https://youtu.be/GMizRl9Klrs

David Fernández-Blanco (Barcelona Center of Subsurface Imaging, Spain) "The not-so-failed Suez Rift” https://youtu.be/3TqIgBSEuqc


22. Rifting episodes - Iceland and Afar | 17th May (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Freysteinn Sigmundsson (University of Iceland) “Monitoring and modelling of recent rifting events in Iceland” https://youtu.be/2MC6wyAXe_I

Thorbjörg Ágústsdóttir (Iceland GeoSurvey) “Intense Seismicity during the 2014–2015 Bárðarbunga‐Holuhraun Rifting Event, Iceland, reveals the nature of Dike-induced earthquakes and Caldera collapse mechanism" https://youtu.be/MyIlD3fVCZ0

Tim Wright (Univ. of Leeds, UK) “Geodetic observations of rifting episodes (in Afar) and their long-lived signatures” https://youtu.be/GjGzSIZg5Vo


21. Linking tectonics, paleoenvironment, and paleontology in the East African Rift | 3rd May (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Annett Junginger (Univ. of Tübingen, Germany) "Make two from one: new evidence for Mid-Pleistocene separation of the Turkana-Suguta megalake from 87Sr/86Sr"

Veronica Muiruri (National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya) "Vegetation history and paleoenvironments of Lake Magadi/Koora basin in the southern Rift Valley” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHQ1lszSWbo

Mathieu Schuster (Univ. of Strasbourg, France) "Sedimentation and environmental evolution in continental rifts: key outcomes of the RiLakS project in the Turkana Depression (East African Rift System)" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFnbcNtiEEw


20. Normal fault networks | 12th April (2021), 16:00 CEST

Speakers:

Jack Williams (Cardiff University) "Onshore to offshore active fault databases in Malawi - implications for fault networks and seismic hazard in amagmatic continental rifts" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYhRoHLamN4

Casey Nixon (Univ. of Bergen, Norway) "The Corinth Rift fault network – fault activity, strain localization and seismic hazard assessment for an active rift" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1NRV5CtBtI

Sophie Pan (Imperial College London, UK) "Understanding the growth of normal fault networks using crustal-scale observations and numerical modelling" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7g70m3kmM0


19. Segmentation and width of continental margins | 22th March (2021), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Gwenn Peron-Pinvidic (NGU&NTNU, Norway) "The Mid Norwegian rift system with focus on the along-strike segmentation between the Møre and Vøring segments" https://youtu.be/fCSD2dLR1wY

Guy Lang (University of Haifa, Israel) "What determines the width of a volcanic margin? The case of the Eastern North American Margin" https://youtu.be/eicawhP8puI

Hongdan Deng (Royal Holloway, University of London, UK) "South China Sea documents the transition from wide continental rift to continental break up" https://youtu.be/oFTbyZfvFEs


18. Wide rifts | 8th March (2021), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Roger Buck (Columbia University, US) "Effects of viscosity, gravity, and surface processes on the structure of wide rifts" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qH_6OzFK2bQ

Donna Whitney (University of Minnesota, US), Megan Korchinski (University of Minnesota, Texas University) "Wide rifts: from collapsed orogens to passive margins" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfrTM85wC3k

Alejandra L.Cameselle (University of Vigo, Spain) "Understanding the 3D formation of a wide rift: The central South China Sea rift system" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybxQbLNEECk


17. Low angle normal faulting | 22th February (2021), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

John Fletcher (CICESE in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico) "What do multifault earthquakes teach us about the mechanics of LANFs" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7pphCk1Co0&t=3s

James Biemiller (Univ. of Texas at Austin, US) "Seismic and aseismic deformation on the active Mai'iu low-angle normal fault, Papua New Guinea" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90Rs8kdLZGA&feature=youtu.be

Tim Reston (Univ. of Birmingham, UK) "Rider blocks and the mechanics of low-angle normal faulting" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TbJBY--Kl4&feature=youtu.be


16. Geothermal energy in the East African Rift| 8th February (2021), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Nicholas Mariita (Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Kenya) "Current status of Geothermal Energy Development in the East Africa Rift System" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcQpwUyGvyE&feature=youtu.be

Friedemann Samrock (ETH Zürich, Switzerland) "Magnetotelluric investigation of rift volcanism and associated geothermal systems in central Ethiopia" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IboXAbUEi00


15. Rift magmatism | 25th January (2021), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Karen Fontijn (Univ. of Brussels) "Volcanology of the East African Rift" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qqjr-c5c1Hg&list=PLVfj9WkLxeDYIGlt_8inHgY0Y-7HuJ3_c

Juliet Biggs (Univ. of Bristol) "New insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of magmatism with mature continental rifts" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEUowgVv-wE&list=PLVfj9WkLxeDYIGlt_8inHgY0Y-7HuJ3_c&index=2

Craig Magee (Univ. of Leeds) "Rift magmatism dynamics in 3D: Perspectives from rifted margins" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAXE1iY8I4k&list=PLVfj9WkLxeDYIGlt_8inHgY0Y-7HuJ3_c&index=3


14. Volatile release in extensional settings | 11th January (2021), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Tobias Fischer (Univ. of New Mexico, US) "Breaking a continent: volatile release and role of the craton" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NY3AjxoP_i0&list=PLVfj9WkLxeDYWgTBexj-91Q4OmsKUppwA&index=1

Raphael Pik (Nancy Univ.) "CO₂ flux in the East African Rift: the Afar case" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dS7B_O0SrzI&list=PLVfj9WkLxeDYWgTBexj-91Q4OmsKUppwA&index=2

Carlo Cardellini (Univ. of Perugia) "CO₂ fluxes from diffuse degassing in Italy" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUfax0bwbWo&list=PLVfj9WkLxeDYWgTBexj-91Q4OmsKUppwA&index=3


13. Structure and dynamics of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath rifts 30th November (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Catherine Rychert (Univ. of Southampton) “A dynamic lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSNeoTYg5wM&list=PLVfj9WkLxeDajsCf5h1fBGF8-yhFDa-4m

Tyrone Rooney (Michigan State Univ.) “Pulsed magmatism and extension: Linking magmatic and tectonic events in East Africa"

Nicolas Luca Celli (Dublin Inst. for Advanced Sciences) "African cratonic lithosphere carved by mantle plumes" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrCjyy6wSZY&list=PLVfj9WkLxeDajsCf5h1fBGF8-yhFDa-4m&index=2&t=4s


12. Ancient rifts exposed in mountain belts | 16th November (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Thibault Duretz (Univ. Rennes, France) “Numerical modeling of Cretaceous Pyrenean Rifting: the interaction between mantle exhumation and syn-rift salt tectonics” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYF-KONFMzA

Charlotte Ribes (Total, France) “The syn rift stratigraphic record across a fossil magma-poor rifted margin: the example of the northwestern Adriatic margin exposed in the Central Alps.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDVULKukMR0&t=3s

Johannes Jakob (NGU, Norway) “A Neoproterozoic Iapetus Rifted Margin Preserved in the Scandinavian Caledonides” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxqkBilj3R0


11. Strain localization and inheritance | 2nd November (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Åke Fagereng (Cardiff Univ., UK): "How do inherited, ductile structures influence active rifting?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFIeVK9d-Z8&t=52s

Folarin Kolawole (BP & Univ. Oklahoma, US): “Multiphase Rift Lengthening and Widening Facilitated by Progressive Structural Inheritance, Shire Rift Zone, East Africa” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFNKF_k-jA8

Pauline Chenin (Univ. Strasbourg, France): “The role of inheritance throughout the Wilson Cycle: the example of the North Atlantic rift system in Western Europe” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_V4N2NnQZk


10. Geothermal energy in rift basins | 19th October (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth (GFZ Potsdam, Germany) "Relevance of deep lithosphere structure for geothermal exploration in rifts” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QBWrLWkm3Y

Mariane Peter-Borie (BRGM, France) “Overview of a conceptual model of the Geothermal System of the Upper Rhine Graben” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXWDRJci9is&t=975s

James Faulds (Univ. Nevada, US) “Favorable structural settings & exploration strategies for geothermal systems in rift basins” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yU-o_joLGcE&t=922s


9. Salt tectonics | 5th October (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Clara Rodriguez (Petronas) “Salt deposition, tectonics and dissolution during passive margin development: Insights from the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ta122Jqxy2c

Mark Rowan (Rowan Consulting, Inc.) “The OCT and late-synrift salt: margin-parallel variations in the southern Gulf of Mexico” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gy-16usxmDA

Tim Dooley (Univ. Texas) “Loading complex salt isopachs: progradational loading of salt-filled rift systems” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ln4jTw6yhzo


8. Vertical movements - from rift inception to breakup | 21st September (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Garry Karner (ExxonMobil UIS, Global Tectonics) “Tectonic significance of passive margin breakup magmatic packages” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaLDtALFuEM

Jolante van Wijk (New Mexico Tech) "Afar plume constraints from Somali rifted margin stratigraphy” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2BKr5tJEDE

Claudio Faccenna (UT Austin & Roma Tre) “Deep mantle root of the Nile river“ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jt7srnrYU8Q


7. Inheritance | 7th September (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Thomas Phillips (Durham University, UK) “Structural inheritance across spatial scales – Rifting of heterogeneous crust in the Great South Basin, New Zealand” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwDl86Bd3Co

Chris Morley (Chiang Mai University, Thailand) “Impact of diverse depths and scales of fabric inheritance on Cenozoic rift development in Thailand.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cX4suOIwelw

 Mohamed Gouiza (University of Leeds, UK) “Segmentation at rifted margins, the role of rheological inheritance in the Labrador Sea” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgOfuCd4IzY


6. Distal margin and continent-ocean transition | 24th August (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Dieter Franke (BGR Hannover, Germany) “Magmatic rifting in NE Greenland” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvoTgDL87Eo

Julie Tugend (Sorbonne Univ., France) "Diversity in continent-ocean transition: implications for breakup styles" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNJD_gokq6o 

Lucia Perez-Diaz (Halliburton & Oxford Univ., UK) "Continent-ocean boundary - the end of the line?" 


5. What shapes magmatic margins? | 10th August (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Chiara Civiero (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies) “Origin of volcanism in the Afro-Arabian rift system: new insights from seismic tomography” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2EB-VZq3sQI

Anne Becel (Lamont-Doherty) “Seismic Evidence for a Prolonged Continental Breakup at the Eastern North American Volcanic Rifted Margin” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-TozMdjw2E

Christian Schiffer (Uppsala University) “A new paradigm for oceans? – A radical hypothesis for structure, tectonics and magmatism in the North Atlantic” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCDMXLhuLVs


4. Deep crustal imaging | 27th July (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Tim Minshull (Univ. Southampton) “New insights into the Deep Galicia Margin from ocean bottom seismic data” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYJMkyKHijQ

Kim Welford (Memorial Univ. Newfoundland) “Wide-angle deep seismic profiling of the Newfoundland, Labrador, and Irish Atlantic rifted margins” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZf9KyZMtM8

Emma Chambers (Univ. Southampton) “Using radial anisotropy to image melt storage in the crust” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGpqWZ-1iZI


3. Normal fault evolution and associated earthquakes | 13th July (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Bailey Lathrop (Imperial College London, UK): “Using growth faults in 3D seismic to better understand normal fault kinematics” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQ0ecnfO83o&t=822s

Duna Roda-Boluda (GFZ Potsdam, Germany): “Erosion and sediment export during normal fault evolution” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8EEVDZ03vY

Zoe Mildon (University of Plymouth, UK): “Earthquake clusters, normal fault interaction and seismic hazard" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XNEq-bPCXmc


2. Surface processes - affecting and recording rift tectonics | 29th June (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Lisa McNeill (Univ. Southampton, UK): "Exploring the development of the young and highly active Corinth rift (Greece) using ocean drilling and marine geophysics" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wn1KqpwP8q4

Stephen Watkins (Geneva Univ., Switzerland): “Straight from the source’s mouth: Controls on sediment export across an active rift, central Greece” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UI7uZVCuQxs

Pietro Sternai (Univ. Milan, Italy): “Surface processes forcing on extensional rock melting" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AnTvPFbDt8


1. Tectonics and magmatic contributions to rifting | 15th June (2020), 16:00 CET

Speakers:

Mike Kendall (University of Oxford) "Seismic evidence for magma-assisted rifting in Ethiopia" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we4kwqiWm1Q

Cécile Doubre (Université de Strasbourg) "The role of magma in distributing extensional deformation in Afar" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6w2Ndbc5AoU

Sarah J. Oliva  (Tulane University) "Insights into fault‐magma interactions in an early‐stage continental rift" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PggVABj3_KM

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